1523 - Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
1569 - Union of Lublin: the Kingdom of Poland and the Great Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
1690 - Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne "old style date"
1862 - Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.
1862 - American Civil War: the Battle of Malvern Hill takes place. It is the final battle in the Seven Days Campaign, part of George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign.
1863 - Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) in Suriname, marking the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands.
1881 - The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
1903 - Start of first Tour de France bicycle race.
1916 - World War I: First day on the Somme – On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded.
1921 - The Communist Party of China is founded.
1942 - World War II: first Battle of El Alamein.
1960 - Independence of Somalia.
1960 - Ghana becomes a Republic and Kwame Nkrumah becomes its first President as Queen Elizabeth II ceases to be its Head of state.
1962 - Independence of Rwanda.
1962 - Independence of Burundi.
1967 - The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
1967 - Canada celebrates the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act, 1867, which officially made Canada its own federal dominion.
1979 - Sony introduces the Walkman.
1991 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
1999 - The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Elizabeth II on the day that legislative powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh.
2008 - Rioting erupted in Mongolia in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections.
2013 - Croatia becomes the 28th member state of the European Union
Famous Birthdays
1481 - Christian II of Denmark
1875 - Andrass Samuelsen, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
1906 - Estée Lauder, businesswoman, co-founded the Estée Lauder Companies
1921 - Seretse Khama, 1st President of Botswana
1939 - Delaney Bramlett, singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1945 - Debbie Harry, singer-songwriter and actress
1956 - Alan Ruck, actor
1961 - Diana, Princess of Wales
1970 - Henry Simmons, actor
1982 - Hilarie Burton, actress
1988 - Evan Ellingson, actor
1994 - Montserrat González, tennis player
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