1302 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – a coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.
1346 - Charles IV of Luxembourg is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1533 - Pope Clement VII excommunicates Henry VIII of England.
1576 - Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
1740 - Pogrom: Jews are expelled from Little Russia.
1776 - Captain James Cook begins his third voyage.
1789 - Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.
1801 - French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons made his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovered another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
1914 - Babe Ruth makes his début in Major League Baseball.
1921 - A truce is called in the Irish War of Independence
1940 - World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France.
1943 - Massacres of Poles in Volhynia.
1960 - Independence of Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger.
1960 - To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published.
1977 - Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
1995 - The Srebrenica massacre was carried out.
2012 - Astronomers announce the discovery of Styx, the fifth moon of Pluto.
Famous Birthdays
1274 - Robert the Bruce, King of Scots
1653 - Sarah Good, woman accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials
1657 - Frederick I of Prussia
1662 - Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria
1751 - Caroline Matilda of Great Britain, Queen consort of Denmark and Norway
1767 - John Quincy Adams, 6th President of the United States
1866 - Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine
1899 - E. B. White, writer
1922 - Gene Evans, actor
1934 - Giorgio Armani, fashion designer, founded the Armani Company
1946 - Beverly Todd, actress
1951 - Robert R. McCammon, author
1959 - Richie Sambora, singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1964 - Kyril, Prince of Preslav, Duke of Saxony
1972 - Michael Rosenbaum, actor
1981 - Andre Johnson, footballer
1986 - Raúl García, footballer
1990 - Caroline Wozniacki, tennis player
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