1290 - King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities.
1334 - The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
1389 - Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, inaugurating a 13-year peace; the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years' War.
1812 - The Treaties of Orebro end both the Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.
1870 - The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
1936 - Army uprising in Spanish Morocco starts Spanish Civil War.
1968 - Intel is founded in Santa Clara, California.
1994 - The bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Jewish Community Centre) in Buenos Aires kills 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
1996 - Battle of Mullaitivu. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam capture the Sri Lanka Army's base, killing over 1200 Army soldiers.
Famous Birthdays
1501 - Isabella of Austria, Queen consort of Sweden
1552 - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor
1818 - Louis Gerhard De Geer, 1st Prime Minister of Sweden
1890 - Frank Forde, 15th Prime Minister of Australia
1909 - Mohammed Daoud Khan, 1st President of Afghanistan
1918 - Nelson Mandela, anti-apartheid revolutionary, President of South Africa
1934 - Darlene Conley, actress
1938 - Ian Stewart, pianist
1942 - Giacinto Facchetti, footballer
1961 - M.J. Alexander, author and photographer
1962 - Jack Irons, singer and musician
1967 - Vin Diesel, actor
1979 - Jason Weaver, actor
1982 - Dominika Luzarová, tennis player
1985 - Chace Crawford, actor
1991 - Karina Pasian, singer and pianist
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