64 - Great Fire of Rome: a fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control. According to a popular, but untrue legend, Nero fiddled as the city burned.
514 - St. Pope Symmachus dies
1333 -Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
1544 - Italian War of 1542–1546: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.
1545 - The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign.
1843 - Isambard Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
1848 - Women's rights: a two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.
1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
1903 - Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.
1916 - World War I: Battle of Fromelles – British and Australian troops attack German trenches in a prelude to the Battle of the Somme.
1964 - Vietnam War: at a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
1983 - The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
1997 - The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.
Famous Birthdays
1688 - Giuseppe Castiglione, Jesuit Brother
1759 - St. Seraphim of Sarov, saint
1822 - Princess Augusta of Cambridge
1865 - Charles Horace Mayo, surgeon, founder of the Mayo Clinic
1919 - Dallas McKennon, actor
1934 - Francisco de Sá Carneiro, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal
1947 - Brian May, singer-songwriter, musician, producer, and author
1961 - Campbell Scott, American actor
1971 - Urs Bühler, tenor
1976 - Benedict Cumberbatch, actor
1981 - Nenê, footballer
1986 - Deance Wyatt, actor and dancer
1990 - Steven Anthony Lawrence, actor
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