1127 - Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin Dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song Dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong and others, ending the Northern Song Dynasty.
1349 - The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated.
1768 - In London, England, Great Britain, Philip Astley stages the first modern circus.
1788 - Connecticut becomes the fifth state to be admitted to the United States.
1861 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union before the outbreak of the American Civil War.
1878 - Umberto I becomes King of Italy.
1916 - World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.
1945 - World War II: The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines.
1991 - Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
1996 - First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in the neighboring Dagestan, which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians.
Famous Birthdays:
1554 - Pope Gregory XV
1571 - Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, soldier in Habsburg service
1819 - James Francis, Premier of Victoria
1848 - Princess Frederica of Hanover
1854 - Jennie Jerome, socialite and mother of Winston Churchill
1900 - Maria of Romania, Queen Consort of Yugoslavia
1913 - Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States
1944 - Jimmy Page, musician and producer
1958 - Mehmet Ali Ağca, attempted assassin of Pope John Paul II
1967 - Carl Bell, musician
1982 - HRH Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
1987 - Paolo Nutini, singer-songwriter
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