1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
1649 - King Charles I of England is beheaded.
1661 - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed two years after his death, on the anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed.
1820 - Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica.
1835 - In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen.
1847 - Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
1913 - The British House of Lords rejects the Irish Home Rule Bill.
1933 - Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
1942 - World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies.
1945 - World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, leading to the deadliest known maritime disaster, killing approximately 9,400 people.
1960 - The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.
1969 - The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
1972 - Bloody Sunday: British Paratroopers kill fourteen unarmed civil rights/anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland.
1972 - Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
2000 - Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.
Famous Birthdays
58 BC - Livia, First Roman Empress the wife of Emperor Augustus
133 - Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor
1697 - Johann Joachim Quantz, flautist and composer
1832 - Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
1882 - Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States
1894 - Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria
1915 - Joachim Peiper, SS officer
1925 - Dorothy Malone, actress
1930 - Gene Hackman, actor
1937 - Vanessa Redgrave, actress
1941 - Dick Cheney, politician, former Vice President of the United States
1951 - Phil Collins, musician
1962 - His Majesty King Abdullah II of Jordan
1974 - Christian Bale, actor
1988 - Rob Pinkston, actor
2005 - HRH Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah II of Jordan
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