1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
1153 - Malcolm IV becomes King of Scotland.
1199 - John is crowned King of England.
1703 - Tsar Peter the Great founds the city of Saint Petersburg.
1799 - War of the Second Coalition: Austrian forces defeats the French at Winterthur, Switzerland, securing control of the north-eastern Swiss Plateau because of the town's location at the junction of seven cross-roads.
1863 - American Civil War: First Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson.
1883 - Alexander III is crowned Tsar of Russia.
1933 - New Deal: The US Federal Securities Act is signed into law requiring the registration of securities with the Federal Trade Commission.
1941 - World War II: The U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaims an "unlimited national emergency".
1965 - Vietnam War: American warships begin the first bombardment of National Liberation Front targets within South Vietnam.
1967 - Australians vote in favour of a constitutional referendum granting the Australian government the power to make laws to benefit Indigenous Australians and to count them in the national census.
1980 - The Gwangju Massacre: Airborne and army troops of South Korea retake the city of Gwangju from civil militias, killing at least 207 and possibly many more.
1996 - First Chechnya War: the Russian President Boris Yeltsin meets with Chechnyan rebels for the first time and negotiates a cease-fire.
2001 - Members of the Islamist separatist group Abu Sayyaf seize twenty hostages from an affluent island resort on Palawan in the Philippines; the hostage crisis would not be resolved until June 2002.
Famous Birthdays
742 - Emperor Dezong of Tang
1626 - William II, Prince of Orange
1652 - Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, Duchess of Orléans
1738 - Nathaniel Gorham, signer of the United States Constitution
1756 - King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1860 - Manuel Teixeira Gomes, 7th President of Portugal
1911 - Vincent Price, actor
1936 - Louis Gossett Jr., actor
1961 - José Luíz Barbosa, runner
1974 - Jason Narvy, actor
1975 - Jamie Oliver, chef
1984 - Darin Brooks, actor
1990 - Chris Colfer, actor, singer, producer, and writer
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