878 - Syracuse, Italy, is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily.
879 - Pope John VIII gives blessings to Branimir of Croatia and to the Croatian people, considered to be international recognition of the Croatian state.
996 - Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1502 - The island of Saint Helena is discovered by the Portuguese explorer João da Nova.
1674 - The nobility elect John Sobieski King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
1851 - Slavery is abolished in Colombia, South America.
1864 - Russia declares an end to the Russian-Circassian War and many Circassians are forced into exile. The day is designated the Circassian Day of Mourning.
1879 - War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbour of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique.
1904 - The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is founded in Paris.
1917 - The Great Atlanta fire of 1917 causes $5.5 million in damages, destroying some 300 acres including 2,000 homes, businesses and churches, displacing about 10,000 people but leading to only one fatality (due to heart attack).
1932 - Bad weather forces Amelia Earhart to land in a pasture in Derry, Northern Ireland, and she thereby becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
1939 - The Canadian National War Memorial is unveiled by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Ottawa.
1961 - American civil rights movement: Alabama Governor John Malcolm Patterson declares martial law in an attempt to restore order after race riots break out.
1966 - The Ulster Volunteer Force declares war on the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland.
1972 - Michelangelo's Pietà in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome is damaged by a vandal, the mentally disturbed Hungarian geologist Laszlo Toth.
1981 - Irish Republican hunger strikers Raymond McCreesh and Patsy O'Hara die on hunger strike in Maze prison.
1982 - Falklands War: A British amphibious assault during Operation Sutton leads to the Battle of San Carlos.
1990 - The Democratic Republic of Yemen and North Yemen agree to merge into the Republic of Yemen.
1991 - Former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated by a female suicide bomber near Madras.
1994 - The Democratic Republic of Yemen unsuccessful attempts to secede from the Republic of Yemen; a war breaks out.
2001 - French Taubira law is enacted, officially recognizing the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as crimes against humanity.
2006 - The Republic of Montenegro holds a referendum proposing independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The Montenegrin people choose independence with a majority of 55%.
Famous Birthdays
120 BC - Aurelia Cotta, mother of Julius Caesar
1527 - Philip II of Spain
1653 - Eleanor of Austria, Queen consort of Poland and Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
1780 - Elizabeth Fry, philanthropist and reformer
1863 - Archduke Eugen of Austria
1864 - Princess Stéphanie of Belgium
1885 - Princess Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg
1904 - Robert Montgomery, actor
1930 - Malcolm Fraser, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia
1944 - Mary Robinson, 7th and 1st female President of Ireland and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1952 - Mr. T, actor
1963 - Kevin Shields, singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1972 - Brett Tucker, actor
1983 - Veloso, footballer
1992 - Hutch Dano, actor
1994 - Tom Daley, diver
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