325 - The First Council of Nicea – the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held.
526 - An earthquake kills about 300,000 people in Syria and Antiochia.
1498 - Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama discovers the sea route to India when he arrives at Kozhikode (previously known as Calicut), India.
1570 - Cartographer Abraham Ortelius issues Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas.
1802 - By the Law of 20 May 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte reinstates slavery in the French colonies, revoking its abolition in the French Revolution
1813 - Napoleon Bonaparte leads his French troops into the Battle of Bautzen in Saxony, Germany, against the combined armies of Russia and Prussia. The battle ends the next day with a French victory.
1861 - American Civil War: The state of Kentucky proclaims its neutrality, which will last until September 3rd when Confederate forces enter the state. Meanwhile, the State of North Carolina secedes from the Union.
1873 - Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a U.S. patent for blue jeans with copper rivets.
1875 - Signing of the Metre Convention by 17 nations leading to the establishment of the International System of Units.
1882 - The Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy is formed.
1891 - History of cinema: The first public display of Thomas Edison's prototype kinetoscope.
1902 - Cuba gains independence from the United States. Tomás Estrada Palma becomes the country's first President.
1927 - Treaty of Jedda: the United Kingdom recognizes the sovereignty of King Ibn Saud in the Kingdoms of Hejaz and Nejd, which later merge to become the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
1932 - Amelia Earhart takes off from Newfoundland to begin the world's first solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean by a female pilot, landing in Ireland the next day.
1940 - Holocaust: The first prisoners arrive at a new concentration camp at Auschwitz.
1941 - World War II: Battle of Crete – German paratroops invade Crete.
1948 - Chiang Kai-shek is elected as the first President of the Republic of China.
1980 - In a referendum in Quebec, the population rejects by a 60% vote the proposal from its government to move towards independence from Canada.
1990 - The first post-Communist presidential and parliamentary elections are held in Romania.
2002 - The independence of East Timor is recognized by Portugal, formally ending 23 years of Indonesian rule and 3 years of provisional UN administration (Portugal itself is the former colonizer of East Timor until 1976)
Famous Birthdays
1315 - Bonne of Bohemia, Duchess consort of Normandy, Countess consort of Anjou and Maine
1768 - Dolley Madison, First Lady of the United States
1776 - Simon Fraser, explorer
1818 - William Fargo, businessman and politician, co-founded Wells Fargo and American Express
1851 - Emile Berliner, inventor, invented the Gramophone record
1908 - Francis Raymond Fosberg, botanist
1927 - David Hedison, actor
1935 - José Mujica, 40th President of Uruguay
1944 - Dietrich Mateschitz, businessman, co-founded Red Bull GmbH
1946 - Cher, singer, actress, producer, and director
1957 - Yoshihiko Noda, Prime Minister of Japan
1960 - Tony Goldwyn, actor
1967 - HRH Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece
1977 - Angela Goethals, actress
1982 - Candace Bailey, actress
1983 - Michaela McManus, actress
1988 - Nathaniel Brown, actor and director
1992 - Cate Campbell, swimmer
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