392 - Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbogast. He is found hanging in his residence at Vienne.
1157 - The founder of Moscow, Grand Prince of Kiev Yuri I Vladimirovich dies.
1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad extirpanda, which authorizes, but also limits, the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition.
1536 - Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, stands trial in London on charges of treason, adultery and incest. She is condemned to death by a specially-selected jury.
1567 - Mary, Queen of Scots marries James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, her third husband.
1701 - The War of the Spanish Succession begins.
1791 - Maximilien Robespierre proposes the Self-denying ordinance.
1792 - War of the First Coalition: France declares war on Kingdom of Sardinia.
1796 - First Coalition: Napoleon enters Milan in triumph.
1800 - George III of the United Kingdom survives an assassination attempt by James Hadfield, who is later acquitted by reason of insanity.
1811 - Paraguay declares independence from Spain.
1849 - Troops of the Two Sicilies take Palermo and crush the republican government of Sicily
1850 - The Bloody Island Massacre takes place in Lake County, California, in which a large number of Pomo Indians in Lake County are slaughtered by a regiment of the United States Cavalry, led by Nathaniel Lyon.
1864 - American Civil War: Battle of New Market, Virginia – students from the Virginia Military Institute fight alongside the Confederate Army to force Union General Franz Sigel out of the Shenandoah Valley.
1869 - Woman's suffrage: in New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
1891 - Pope Leo XIII defends workers' rights and property rights in the encyclical Rerum Novarum, the beginning of modern Catholic social teaching.
1919 - The Winnipeg General Strike begins. By 11:00 am, almost the whole working population of Winnipeg, Manitoba had walked off the job.
1928 - Mickey Mouse premiers in his first cartoon, Plane Crazy
1940 - World War II: After fierce fighting, the poorly trained and equipped Dutch troops surrender to Germany, marking the beginning of five years of occupation.
1940 - McDonald's opens its first restaurant in San Bernardino, California.
1942 - World War II: in the United States, a bill creating the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is signed into law.
1943 - Joseph Stalin dissolves the Comintern (or Third International).
1948 - Following the demise of the British Mandate of Palestine, Egypt, Transjordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia invade Israel thus starting the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
1970 - President Richard Nixon appoints Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington the first female United States Army Generals.
1972 - The island of Okinawa, under U.S. military governance since its conquest in 1945, reverts to Japanese control.
1988 - Soviet war in Afghanistan: After more than eight years of fighting, the Red Army begins its withdrawal from Afghanistan.
1991 - Édith Cresson becomes France's first female Prime Minister.
2008 - California becomes the second U.S. state after Massachusetts in 2004 to legalize same-sex marriage after the state's own Supreme Court rules a previous ban unconstitutional.
2010 - Jessica Watson becomes the youngest person to sail, non-stop and unassisted around the world solo.
Famous Birthdays
1397 - Sejong the Great, King of Joseon
1608 - St. René Goupil, Martyr and saint
1808 - Michael William Balfe, composer
1911 - Herta Oberheuser, Nazi doctor
1931 - Ken Venturi, golfer
1938 - Diane Nash, Civil Rights activist
1945 - HRH Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
1955 - Lee Horsley, actor
1964 - Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark
1972 - David Charvet, actor
1981 - Zara Phillips MBE, daughter of HRH Anne, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom and her first husband, Captain Mark Phillips. 14th in the line to the throne.
1982 - Jessica Sutta, singer, dancer, and actress
1987 - Andy Murray, tennis player
1991 - Mollee Gray, actress, singer, and dancer
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