1012 - Martyrdom of Ælfheah in Greenwich, London.
1713 - With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa of Austria (not actually born until 1717).
1770 - Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI in a proxy wedding.
1775 - American Revolutionary War: The war begins with an American victory in Concord during the battles of Lexington and Concord.
1809 - An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1839 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a Kingdom.
1861 - American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: a pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
1943 - World War II: In Poland, German troops enter the Warsaw ghetto to round up the remaining Jews, beginning the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
1948 - Burma joins the United Nations.
1956 - Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.
1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.
1971 - Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, D.C.
1993 - The 51 day siege of the Branch Davidian building outside Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, is bombed, killing 168. That same day convicted murderer Richard Wayne Snell, who had ties to one of the bombers, Timothy McVeigh, is executed in Arkansas.
1999 - The German Bundestag returns to Berlin, the first German parliamentary body to meet there since the Reichstag was dissolved in 1945.
2005 - Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church following the death of Pope John Paul II. The new Pope takes on the papal name Benedict XVI.
2011 - Fidel Castro resigns from the Communist Party of Cuba's central committee after 45 years of holding the title.
Famous Birthdays
1658 - Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine
1793 - Ferdinand I and V of Austria, Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia as Ferdinand V
1882 - Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil
1899 - George O'Brien, actor
1936 - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium
1937 - Joseph Estrada, 13th President of the Philippines
1957 - Tony Martin, singer and musician
1968 - His Majesty Mswati III, King of Swaziland
1978 - James Franco, actor
1980 - Alexis Thorpe, actress
1987 - Luigi Giorgi, footballer
1990 - Teo Olivares, actor
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