1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
1204 - Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1598 - Henry IV of France issues the Edict of Nantes, allowing freedom of religion to the Huguenots.
1796 - The first elephant ever seen in the United States arrives from India.
1829 - The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 gives Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom the right to vote and to sit in Parliament.
1849 - Hungary becomes a republic.
1873 - The Colfax Massacre takes place.
1909 - The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.
1919 - The establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
1941 - Pact of neutrality between the USSR and Japan is signed.
1943 - World War II: The discovery of a mass grave of Polish prisoners of war killed by Soviet forces in the Katyń Forest Massacre is announced, causing a diplomatic rift between the Polish government in exile in London from the Soviet Union, which denies responsibility.
1943 - The Jefferson Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C., on the 200th anniversary of Thomas Jefferson's birth.
1945 - World War II: Soviet and Bulgarian forces capture Vienna, Austria.
1970 - An oxygen tank aboard Apollo 13 explodes, putting the crew in great danger and causing major damage to the spacecraft while en route to the Moon.
1972 - Vietnam War: The Battle of An Lộc begins.
1975 - Bus massacre in Lebanon: An attack by the Phalangist resistance kills 26 militia members of the P.F.L. of Palestine, marking the start of the 15-year Lebanese Civil War.
1987 - Portugal and the People's Republic of China sign an agreement in which Macau would be returned to China in 1999.
1992 - The Great Chicago Flood.
1997 - Tiger Woods becomes the youngest golfer to win the Masters Tournament.
Famous Birthdays
1519 - Catherine de' Medici, wife of Henry II of France
1570 - Guy Fawkes, conspirator, planned the failed Gunpowder Plot
1732 - Frederick North, Lord North, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1743 - Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States
1852 - F.W. Woolworth, businessman, founder of the F.W. Woolworth Company
1892 - Robert Watson-Watt, inventor, invented the Radar
1894 - Arthur Fadden, 13th Prime Minister of Australia
1899 - Alfred Mosher Butts, architect and invented Scrabble
1926 - His Grace John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough
1931 - Jon Stone, writer and producer, co-creator of Sesame Street
1945 - Tony Dow, actor
1954 - Jimmy Destri, musician and songwriter
1962 - Hillel Slovak, musician
1976 - Valentina Cervi, actress
1979 - Meghann Shaughnessy, tennis player
1987 - Massimiliano Pesenti, footballer
1993 - Hannah Marks, actress
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