1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day is skipped in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1763 - George III of Great Britain issues British Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing aboriginal lands in North America north and west of Alleghenies to white settlements.
1776 - Crown Prince Paul of Russia marries Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg.
1840 - Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
1929 - Photios II becomes Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
1944 - World War II: Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp, Jewish prisoners burn down the crematoria.
1960 - Nigeria joins the United Nations.
1971 - Oman joins the United Nations.
1976 - Hua Guofeng becomes Mao Zedong's successor as chairman of Communist Party of China.
2001 - The US invasion of Afghanistan begins with an air assault and covert operations on the ground.
2004 - King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates, replaced by his son Norodom Sihamoni a week later.
Famous Birthdays
1471 - King Frederick I of Denmark and Norway
1589 - Maria Magdalena of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
1748 - King Charles XIII of Sweden
1841 - King Nicholas I of Montenegro
1870 - Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine
1885 - Niels Bohr, physicist - foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize
1931 - Desmond Tutu, Anglican Archbishop and Nobel Laureate
1952 - Vladimir Putin, President of the Russian Federation
1959 - Simon Cowell, recording executive
1978 - Alesha Dixon, pop singer and TV talent show judge
1987 - Sam Querrey, tennis player
2001 - HRH Princess Senate Seeiso, eldest daughter of His Majesty King Letsie III of Lesotho, 2nd in line to the throne of Lesotho
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