1582 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15.
1793 - Queen Marie-Antoinette of France is tried and convicted in a swift, pre-determined trial in the Palais de Justice, Paris, and condemned to death the following day.
1815 - Napoleon I of France begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
1917 - World War I: At Vincennes outside of Paris, Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for the German Empire.
1928 - The airship, Graf Zeppelin completes its first trans-Atlantic flight, landing at Lakehurst, New Jersey, United States.
1945 - World War II: The former premier of Vichy France Pierre Laval is shot by a firing squad for treason.
1969 - Vietnam War; The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam is held in Washington DC and across the US. Over 2 million demonstrate nationally; about 250,000 in the nation's capital.
1990 - Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation.
2008 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed down 733.08 points, or 7.87%, the second worst day in the Dow's history based on a percentage drop.
2011 - Global protests break out in 951 cities in 82 countries.
Famous Birthdays:
70 BC - Virgil, poet
1701 - St. Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, first Catholic Canadian canonized Saint
1825 - Queen Marie of Prussia
1872 - Wilhelm Miklas, 3rd President of Austria
1874 - Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,
1893 - King Carol II of Romania
1931 - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, 11th President of India
1944 - Sali Berisha, 2nd President of Albania
1944 - William David Trimble, 1st First Minister of Northern Ireland
1953 - Tito Jackson, singer-songwriter and guitarist
1954 - HRH Princess Friederike of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain Northern Ireland, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1959 - Sarah, Duchess of York
1966 - Jorge Campos, footballer
1969 - Paige Davis, actress
1989 - Leandro Antonio Martínez, footballer
2005 - HRH Prince Christian of Denmark, 2nd in line to the throne of Denmark
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