222 - Pope Callixtus I is killed by a mob in Rome's Trastevere after a 5 year reign in which he had stabilized the Saturday fast three times per year, with no food, oil, or wine to be consumed on those days. Callixtus is succeeded by cardinal Urban I.
1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings – In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the Norman forces of William the Conqueror defeat the English army and kill King Harold II of England.
1322 - Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1586 - Mary, Queen of Scots, goes on trial for conspiracy against Elizabeth I of England.
1758 - Seven Years' War: Austria defeats Prussia at the Battle of Hochkirk.
1773 - Just before the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, several of the British East India Company's tea ships are set ablaze at the old seaport of Annapolis, Maryland.
1805 - Battle of Elchingen, France defeats Austria.
1806 - Battle of Jena-Auerstädt France defeats Prussia.
1843 - The British arrest the Irish nationalist Daniel O'Connell for conspiracy to commit crimes.
1925 - An Anti-French uprising in French-occupied Damascus, Syria. (All French inhabitants flee the city.)
1933 - Nazi Germany withdraws from The League of Nations.
1944 - Athens, Greece, is liberated by British Army troops entering the city as the Wehrmacht pulls out during World War II. This clears the way for the Greek government-in-exile to return to its historic capital city, with George Papandreou, Sr., as the head-of-government.
1957 - Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II becomes the first Canadian Monarch to open up an annual session of the Canadian Parliament, presenting her Speech from the Throne in Ottawa, Canada.
1968 - Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio of San Francisco in California for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War.
1968 - Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps will send about 24,000 soldiers and Marines back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours of duty in the combat zone there.
1981 - Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected as the President of Egypt one week after the assassination of the President of Egypt, Anwar Sadat.
2012 - Felix Baumgartner jumps from the stratosphere to try to break the record of the highest free-fall jump, at an altitude of 39,068 meters (128,018 ft)
Famous Birthdays:
1257 - King Przemysł II of Poland
1404 - Marie of Anjou, Queen of France
1499 - Claude of France, wife of Francis I of France
1630 - Sophia of Hanover, Princess Palatine and Electress of Saxony
1633 - King James II of England and VII of Scotland
1643 - Emperor Bahadur Shah I of India
1712 - George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1784 - King Ferdinand VII of Spain
1882 - Éamon de Valera, former Taoiseach (Prime Minister) of Ireland and 3rd President of Ireland
1890 - Dwight D. Eisenhower, general and 34th President of the United States
1927 - Roger Moore, actor
1930 - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (Zaire is now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo)
1938 - Empress Farah Diba of Iran, consort/widow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran
1948 - Marcia Barrett, singer
1981 - Gautam Gambhir, cricketer
1990 - Alexandra Krosney, actress
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