46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) in the battle of Thapsus.
1199 - King Richard I of England dies from an infection following the removal of an arrow from his shoulder.
1320 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
1453 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Istanbul), which falls on May 29.
1712 - The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway.
1812 - British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz. This would be the turning point in the Peninsular War against Napoleon-led France.
1814 - Nominal beginning of the Bourbon Restoration; anniversary date that Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
1862 - American Civil War: The Battle of Shiloh begins – in Tennessee, forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston.
1865 - American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.
1896 - In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1,500 years after the original games are banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I.
1917 - World War I: The United States declares war on Germany
1919 - Mohandas Gandhi orders a general strike.
1924 - First round-the-world flight commences.
1930 - Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, "With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire." beginning the Salt Satyagraha.
1941 - World War II: Nazi Germany launches Operation 25 (the invasion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Operation Marita (the invasion of Greece).
1945 - World War II: Sarajevo is liberated from German and Croatian forces by the Yugoslav Partisans.
1947 - The first Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievement.
1972 - Vietnam War: Easter Offensive – American forces begin sustained air strikes and naval bombardments.
1998 - Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of reaching India.
2008 - 2008 Egyptian general strike starts led by Egyptian workers later to be adopted by April 6 Youth Movement and Egyptian activities
Famous Birthdays
1632 - Maria Leopoldine of Austria, Holy Roman Empire Empress
1871 - Prince Alexander John of Wales
1886 - Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople
1890 - Anthony Fokker, aviation engineer
1916 - Phil Leeds, actor
1935 - Douglas Hill, writer
1938 - Paul Daniels, magician
1955 - Michael Rooker, actor
1965 - Frank Black, singer-songwriter
1969 - Paul Rudd, actor
1975 - Joel West, actor and model
1980 - Matthew Carey, actor
1984 - Michaël Ciani, footballer
1990 - Kyle Swann, actor
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