1227 - Assassination of Caliph al-Adil.
1582 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian Calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15.
1636 - The Swedish Army defeats the armies of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Wittstock.
1824 - Mexico adopts a new constitution and becomes a federal republic.
1927 - Gutzon Borglum begins sculpting Mount Rushmore.
1943 - World War II: US. captures Solomon Islands.
1958 - Fifth Republic of France is established.
1965 - Becoming the first Pope to ever visit the United States of America and the Western hemisphere, Pope Paul VI arrives in New York.
Famous Birthdays:
1289 - King Louis X of France
1550 - King Charles IX of Sweden
1585 - Anna of Tyrol, Empress consort of Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
1626 - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland
1822 - Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States
1895 - Richard Sorge, spy who worked for the Soviet Union
1937 - Jackie Collins, author
1942 - Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland
1975 - Cristiano Lucarelli, football player
2005 - HRH Prince Emmanuel of Belgium, fourth in line to the throne of Belgium
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