1383 - The 1383-1385 Crisis in Portugal: King Fernando I dies without a male heir to the Portuguese throne, sparking a period of civil war and disorder.
1784 - Russia founds a colony on Kodiak Island, Alaska.
1797 - One thousand meters (3,200 feet) above Paris, André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump.
1836 - Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.
1859 - Spain declares war on Morocco.
1943 - World War II: in the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
1957 - Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam.
1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.
1999 - Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy France government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.
Famous Birthdays:
1071 - William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
1197 - Emperor Juntoku of Japan
1689 -King John V of Portugal
1701 - Maria Amalia of Austria, Holy Roman Empire Empress
1858 - German Empress Augusta Victoria, wife of German Emperor Wilhelm II
1913 - Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam
1939 - Joaquim Chissano, 2nd President of Mozambique
1949 - Arsène Wenger, football manager
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