1582 - Pope Gregory XIII implements the Gregorian calendar. In Italy, Poland, Portugal, and Spain, October 4 of this year is followed directly by October 15.
1793 - Queen Marie-Antoinette of France is tried and convicted in a swift, pre-determined trial in the Palais de Justice, Paris, and condemned to death the following day.
1815 - Napoleon I of France begins his exile on Saint Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
1917 - World War I: At Vincennes outside of Paris, Dutch dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for the German Empire.
1945 - World War II: The former premier of Vichy France Pierre Laval is shot by a firing squad for treason.
1990 - Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and open up his nation.
2011 - Global protests break out in 951 cities in 82 countries.
Famous Birthdays:
70 BC - Virgil, poet
1701 - St. Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, first Catholic Canadian canonized Saint
1825 - Queen Marie of Prussia
1874 - Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,
1893 - King Carol II of Romania
1931 - A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, 11th President of India
1944 - Sali Berisha, former President of Albania; current Prime Minister
1944 - William David Trimble, 1st First Minister of Northern Ireland
1954 - HRH Princess Friederike of Hanover, Princess of Great Britain Northern Ireland, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1966 - Jorge Campos, footballer
1989 - Leandro Antonio Martínez, footballer
2005 - HRH Prince Christian of Denmark, 2nd in line to the throne of Denmark
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