1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of Christ.
1500 - Treaty of Granada – Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.
1673 - Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used.
1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Dürenstein – 8000 French troops attempt to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force.
1813 - War of 1812: Battle of Crysler's Farm – British and Canadian forces defeat a larger American force, causing the Americans to abandon their Saint Lawrence campaign.
1889 - The State of Washington is admitted as the 42nd State of the United States.
1918 - World War I: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a rail-road car in the forest of Compiègne, France. The fighting officially ends at 11:00 a.m., (the eleventh hour in the eleventh month on the eleventh day) and this is annually honoured with a two-minute silence. The war officially ends on the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28th, 1919.
1918 - Józef Piłsudski assumes supreme military power in Poland - symbolic first day of Polish independence.
1918 - Emperor Charles I of Austria relinquishes power.
1940 - World War II: Battle of Taranto – The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
1942 - World War II: Nazi Germany completes its occupation of France.
1965 - In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.
1968 - Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal is to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
1968 - A second republic is declared in the Maldives.
1975 - Independence of Angola.
1981 - Antigua and Barbuda joins the United Nations.
1992 - The General Synod of the Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
2004 - The Palestine Liberation Organization confirms the death of Yasser Arafat from unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.
2006 - Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London, United Kingdom, commemorating the loss of soldiers from the New Zealand Army and the British Army.
Famous Birthdays:
1050 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
1154 - King Sancho I of Portugal
1155 - King Alfonso VIII of Castile
1599 - Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, Queen of Sweden
1748 - King Charles IV of Spain
1869 - King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
1882 - King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
1945 - President Daniel Ortega of Nicaragua
1981 - HRH Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, heir apparent to the crown of Luxembourg
1991 - Christa B. Allen, actress
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