1202 - Fourth Crusade: Despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding it and threatening excommunication, Catholic crusaders begin a siege of the Catholic city of Zara (now Zadar, Croatia).
1293 - Raden Wijaya is crowned as the first monarch of Majapahit kingdom of Java, taking throne name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.
1520 - Danish King Christian II executes dozens of people in the Stockholm Bloodbath after a successful invasion of Sweden.
1580 - After a three-day siege, the English Army beheads over 600 Papal soldiers and civilians at Dún an Óir, Ireland.
1674 - Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherlands to England.
1702 - English colonists under the command of James Moore besiege Spanish St. Augustine during Queen Anne's War
1821 - Cry of Independence by Rufina Alfaro at La Villa de Los Santos, Panama setting into motion a revolt which lead to Panama's independence from Spain and to it immediately becoming part of Colombia
1942 - World War II: Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan's agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
1970 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization – For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.
1989 - Longtime leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov is removed from office and replaced by Petar Mladenov.
2007 - 10,000–40,000 people march toward the royal palace of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur to hand over a memorandum to the King demanding electoral reform.
Famous Birthdays:
1480 - Bridget of York, Princess and nun. Daughter of Edward IV of England
1483 - Martin Luther, Protestant reformer
1668 - Louis III, Prince of Condé
1845 - Sir John Sparrow David Thompson, fourth Prime Minister of Canada
1918 - Ernst Otto Fischer, chemist
1948 - Hugh Moffatt, songwriter
1977 - Brittany Murphy, actress
1986 - Josh Peck, actor
1991 - Genevieve Buechner, actress
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