1209 - Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg.
1520 - Ferdinand Magellan discovers a strait now known as Strait of Magellan.
1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Trafalgar: A British fleet led by Vice Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain under Admiral Villeneuve. It signals almost the end of French maritime power and leaves Britain's navy unchallenged until the 20th century.
1854 - Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses are sent to the Crimean War.
1895 - The Republic of Formosa collapses as Japanese forces invade.
1921 - President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting President against lynching in the deep south.
1944 - World War II: The first kamikaze attack: A Japanese plane carrying a 200-kilogram (440 lb) bomb attacks HMAS Australia off Leyte Island, as the Battle of Leyte Gulf began.
1945 - Women's suffrage: Women are allowed to vote in France for the first time.
1967 - Vietnam War: More than 100,000 war protesters gather in Washington, D.C.. A peaceful rally at the Lincoln Memorial is followed by a march to The Pentagon and clashes with soldiers and United States Marshals protecting the facility. Similar demonstrations occurred simultaneously in Japan and Western Europe.
1969 - A coup d'état in Somalia brings Siad Barre to power.
1994 - North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea and the United States sign an agreement that requires North Korea to stop its nuclear weapons program and agree to inspections.
Famous Birthdays:
1449 - George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence
1527 - Louis I, Cardinal of Guise
1833 - Alfred Nobel, chemist and engineer, invented dynamite and founded the Nobel Prize
1847 - Giuseppe Giacosa, writer
1921 - Sir Malcolm Arnold, composer
1940 - Marita Petersen, former Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
1949 - Benjamin Netanyahu, Israeli politician, 9th Prime Minister of Israel
1969 - HRH Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Crown Prince of Bahrain
1980 - Kim Kardashian, model and actress
1982 - Matt Dallas, actor
1992 - Bernard Tomic, tennis player
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