1098 - First Crusade: Massacre of Ma'arrat al-Numan – Crusaders breach the town's walls and massacre about 20,000 inhabitants. After finding themselves with insufficient food, they resort to cannibalism.
1787 - Pennsylvania becomes the second state to ratify the United States Constitution five days after Delaware became the first.
1911 - Delhi replaces Calcutta as the capital of India.
1911 - King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary are enthroned as Emperor and Empress of India.
1915 - President of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai, announces his intention to reinstate the monarchy and proclaim himself Emperor of China.
1925 - The Majlis of Iran votes to crown Reza Khan as the new Shah of Persia.
1935 - Lebensborn Project, a Nazi reproduction program, is founded by Heinrich Himmler.
1939 - Winter War: Battle of Tolvajärvi – Finnish forces defeat those of the Soviet Union in their first major victory of the conflict.
1941 - World War II: The United Kingdom declares war on Bulgaria. Hungary and Romania declare war on the United States. India declares war on Japan.
1941 - Adolf Hitler announces extermination of the Jews at a meeting in the Reich Chancellery
1956 - Beginning of the Irish Republican Army's "Border Campaign".
1958 - Guinea joins the United Nations.
1963 - Kenya gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
1964 - Prime Minister Jomo Kenyatta becomes the first President of the Republic of Kenya.
1979 - The unrecognised state of Zimbabwe Rhodesia returns to British control and resumes using the name Southern Rhodesia.
1991 - Russian Federation gains independence from the USSR.
1992 - Wedding of HRH Anne The Princess Royal of the United Kingdom and Timothy Laurence
Famous Birthdays:
1298 - Albert II of Austria, Duke of Austria
1574 - Anne of Denmark, Queen consort of James I of England
1610 - St Vasilije, Eastern Orthodox Church saint.
1745 - John Jay, 1st Chief Justice of the United States
1791 - Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria, wife of Napoleon
1924 - Ed Koch, Former Mayor of New York City
1949 - Marc Ravalomanana, Former President of Madagascar
1970 - Regina Hall, actress
1982 - Dmitry Tursunov, tennis player
1985 - Chris Jennings, football player
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