1795 - The French Directory succeeds the French National Convention as the government of Revolutionary France.
1882 - Oulu, Finland is devastated by the Great Oulu Fire of 1882
1889 - North and South Dakota are admitted as the 39th and 40th US states.
1899 - The Boers begin their 118 day siege of British held Ladysmith during the Second Boer War.
1914 - Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1930 - Haile Selassie is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
1936 - Italian dictator Benito Mussolini proclaims the Rome-Berlin Axis, establishing the alliance of the Axis Powers.
1963 - South Vietnamese President Ngô Ðình Diệm is assassinated following a military coup.
1964 - King Saud of Saudi Arabia is deposed by a family coup, and replaced by his half-brother King Faisal.
1984 - Capital punishment: Velma Barfield becomes the first woman executed in the United States since 1962.
Famous Birthdays:
971 - Emperor Mahmud of Ghaznavid Empire
1082 - Emperor Huizong of China
1470 - King Edward V of England, one of the two princes in the Tower
1709 - Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, consort of William IV Prince of Orange
1795 - James Knox Polk, 11th President of the United States
1844 - Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire
1865 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States
1877 - Aga Khan III, Shia Imam
1929 - Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, former President of Pakistan
1938 - Her Majesty Queen Sofia of Spain, consort of His Majesty King Juan Carlos of Spain
1966 - David Schwimmer, actor
1984 - Tamara Hope, actress
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