164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, restores the Temple in Jerusalem. This event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah.
235 - Pope Anterus succeeds Pontian as the nineteenth pope. During the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax he is martyred
1783 - In Paris, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent, Marquis d'Arlandes, make the first untethered hot air balloon flight.
1789 - North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 12th US state.
1877 - Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.
1905 - Albert Einstein's paper, Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?, is published in the journal "Annalen der Physik". This paper reveals the relationship between energy and mass. This leads to the mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc².
1920 - Irish War of Independence: In Dublin, 31 people are killed in what became known as "Bloody Sunday". This included fourteen British informants, fourteen Irish civilians and three Irish Republican Army prisoners.
1922 - Rebecca Latimer Felton of Georgia takes the oath of office, becoming the first female United States Senator.
1964 Second Vatican Council: The third session of the Roman Catholic Church's ecumenical council closes.
1974 - The Birmingham Pub Bombings kill 21 people. The Birmingham Six are sentenced to life in prison for the crime but subsequently acquitted.
1986 - Iran-Contra Affair: National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary start to shred documents implicating them in the sale of weapons to Iran and channelling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
2002 - NATO invites Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to become member.
2004 - The Paris Club agrees to write off 80% (up to $100 billion) of Iraq's external debt.
Famous Birthdays:
1567 - The Venerable Anne de Xainctonge, founded the Society of the Sisters of Saint Ursula of the Blessed Virgin
1643 - René-Robert Cavelier de LaSalle, explorer
1694 - François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire), philosopher
1840 - Victoria, Princess Royal of Great Britain and German Empress and Queen consort of Prussia , eldest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert and consort of Emperor Frederick III of Germany.
1854 - Pope Benedict XV
1908 - Elizabeth Speare, author
1948 - President Michel Suleiman of Lebanon
1952 -Lorna Luft, actress and singer, daughter of Judy Garland
1978 - Lucía Jiménez, actress
1985 - Carly Rae Jepsen, singer-songwriter
1992 - Conor Maynard, musician
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