1248 - Conquest of Seville by the Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile.
1510 - First campaign of Ottoman Empire against Kingdom of Imereti (modern western Georgia). Ottoman armies sack its capital Kutaisi and burn Gelati Monastery.
1808 - French and Poles defeat the Spanish at battle of Tudela
1867 - The Manchester Martyrs are hanged in Manchester, England for killing a police officer while freeing two Irish nationalists from custody.
1890 - King William III of the Netherlands dies without a male heir and a special law is passed to allow his daughter Princess Wilhelmina becomes Queen of the Netherlands.
1910 - Johan Alfred Ander becomes the last person to be executed in Sweden.
1940 - World War II: Romania becomes a signatory of the Tripartite Pact, officially joining the Axis Powers.
1955 - The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to Australia.
1979 - In Dublin, Ireland, Provisional Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten.
1981 – Iran-Contra Affair: Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
2003 - Rose Revolution: the Georgian president Eduard Shevardnadze resigns following weeks of mass protests over flawed elections.
2011 - Arab Spring: After 11 months of protests in Yemen, The Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh signs a deal to transfer power to the vice president, in exchange for legal immunity.
Famous Birthdays:
912 - Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
1221 - King Alfonso X of Castile
1760 - François-Noël Babeuf, revolutionary figure
1804 - Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States
1859 -William H. Bonney (Billy the Kid), outlaw
1923 - Julien J. LeBourgeois, admiral
1941 - Franco Nero, actor
1946 - Diana Quick, actress
1979 - Kelly Brook, actress and model
1992 - Miley Cyrus, actress and singer
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