498 - After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
1307 - Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.
1718 - Off the coast of North Carolina, British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "Blackbeard") is killed in battle with a boarding party led by Royal Navy Lieutenant Robert Maynard.
1812 - War of 1812: 17 Indiana Rangers are killed at the Battle of Wild Cat Creek.
1940 - World War II: Following the initial Italian invasion, Greek troops counterattack into Italian-occupied Albania and capture Korytsa.
1942 - World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army is surrounded.
1943 - World War II: War in the Pacific – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan
1943 - Lebanon gains independence from France.
1973 - The Italian Fascist organization Ordine Nuovo is disbanded.
1975 - Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of Francisco Franco.
1990 - British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher withdraws from the Conservative Party leadership election, confirming the end of her premiership.
2005 - Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.
Famous Birthdays:
1515 - Mary of Guise, Queen consort of James V of Scotland and mother of Mary, Queen of Scots
1602 - Elisabeth of Bourbon, Queen of Philip IV of Spain
1744 - Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States
1878 - Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, younger brother of Tsar Nicholas II
1919 - Máire Drumm, civil rights activist
1941 - Tom Conti, actor
1962 - Rezauddin Stalin, poet
1967 - Mark Ruffalo, actor
1982 - Isild Le Besco, actress
1985 - Mandy Minella, tennis player
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