326 - The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated.
1180 - Phillip II becomes King of France.
1210 - Pope Innocent III excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV
1494 - King Charles VIII of France occupies Florence, Italy.
1626 - St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated.
1730 - Frederick II (known as Frederick the Great), King of Prussia, is granted a royal pardon and released from confinement.
1803 - The Battle of Vertières, the last major battle of the Haitian Revolution, is fought, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Haiti, the first black republic in the Western Hemisphere.
1863 - King Christian IX of Denmark decides to sign the November constitution that declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark. This is seen by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol and leads to the German–Danish war of 1864.
1905 - Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
1916 - World War I: First Battle of the Somme – in France, British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig calls off the battle which started on July 1, 1916.
1918 - Latvia declares its independence from Russia.
1940 - World War II: Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss Benito Mussolini's disastrous invasion of Greece.
1987 - Iran-Contra Affair: the U.S. Congress issues its final report on the Iran-Contra Affair.
Famous Birthdays:
1630 - Empress Eleanor Gonzaga of the Holy Roman Empire, the consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor.
1772 - Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia
1774 - Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands
1856 - Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia
1919 - Jocelyn Brando, actress
1920 - Mustafa Khalil, 77th Prime Minister of Egypt
1922 - Luis Somoza Debayle, 70th President of Nicaragua
1940 - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman
1957 - Seán MacFalls, poet
1975 - Anthony McPartlin, television presenter
1976 - Mona Zaki, actress
1981 - Christina Vidal, actress
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