1099 - First Crusade: 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march in a religious procession around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders look on.
1497 - Vasco da Gama sets sail on the first direct European voyage to India.
1579 - Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.
1663 - Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal charter to Rhode Island.
1709 - Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava – Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at Poltava thus effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.
1808 - Joseph Bonaparte approves the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter intended as the basis for his rule as king of Spain.
1874 - The Mounties begin their March West.
1889 - The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published.
1892 - St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada is devastated in the Great Fire of 1892.
1912 - Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro leads an unsuccessful royalist attack against the First Portuguese Republic in Chaves.
1932 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level of the Great Depression, closing at 41.22.
1982 - Assassination attempt against Iraqi president Saddam Hussein in Dujail.
1994 - Kim Jong-il begins to assume supreme leadership of North Korea upon the death of his father, Kim Il-sung.
2011 - Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched in the final mission of the US Space Shuttle program.
Famous Birthdays
1545 - Carlos, Prince of Asturias
1830 - Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg
1831 - John Pemberton, chemist, invented Coca-Cola
1839 - John D. Rockefeller, businessman, founded the Standard Oil Company
1917 - Faye Emerson, actress
1919 - Walter Scheel, President of Germany
1932 - Jerry Vale, singer
1947 - Kim Darby, actress
1951 - Anjelica Huston, actress
1968 - Michael Weatherly, actor
1981 - Anastasia Myskina, tennis player
1985 - Jamie Cook, musician and songwriter
1992 - Sky Ferreira, singer-songwriter and actress
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