37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius's will and proclaims Caligula Emperor.
235 - Emperor Alexander Severus and his mother Julia Mamaea are murdered by legionaries near Moguntiacum (modern Mainz). The Severan dynasty ends.
1229 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor declares himself King of Jerusalem during the Sixth Crusade.
1438 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
1584 - Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible) of Russia dies
1608 - Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia.
1766 - American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act.
1848 - The March Revolution goes onin the German Confederation; in Berlin a struggle between citizens and military occurs, costing ca. 300 lives. This starts the revolution in Northern Germany.
1850 - American Express is founded by Henry Wells and William Fargo.
1913 - King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.
1915 - World War I: Massive naval attack in Battle of Gallipoli. Three battleships are sunk during a failed British and French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
1922 - In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience. He would serve only 2 years.
1937 - Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.
1940 - World War II: Axis Powers – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at the Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
1945 - World War II: 1,250 American bombers attack Berlin.
1959 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law allowing for Hawaiian statehood, which would become official on August 21st.
1970 - Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
1974 - Oil embargo crisis: Most OPEC nations end a five-month oil embargo against the United States, Europe and Japan.
1989 - In Egypt, a 4,400-year-old mummy is found nearby the Pyramid of Cheops.
1990 - The Germans in the German Democratic Republic are called to the first democratic elections in this former communist dictatorship.
1992 - White South Africans vote overwhelmingly in favour, in a national referendum, to end the racist policy of Apartheid.
1994 - Bosnia's Bosniaks and Croats sign the Washington Agreement, ending warring between the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and establishing the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1997 - The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 on board and leading to the grounding of all An-24s.
Famous Birthdays
1496 - Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England; wife of Louis XII of France
1555 - François, Duke of Anjou
1609 - King Frederick III of Denmark
1837 - Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President of the United States
1848 - Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
1869 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1893 - Wilfred Owen, poet
1912 - Art Gilmore, actor
1931 - John Fraser, actor
1941 - Wilson Pickett, singer
1950 - Rod Milburn, athlete
1960 - James MacPherson, actor
1963 - Vanessa L. Williams, beauty queen, actress, and singer
1968 - Prince Eudes, Duke of Angoulême
1970 - Queen Latifah, singer and actress
1976 - Giovanna Antonelli, actress
1979 - Adam Levine, singer
1983 - Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro, tennis player
1985 - Marvin Humes, singer
1989 - Francesco Checcucci, footballer
1991 - Constantinos Hilas, actor and director
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