538 - Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
1689 - The Williamite War in Ireland begins.
1868 - Henry O'Farrell attempts to assassinate Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.
1894 - Coca-Cola is bottled and sold for the first time in Vicksburg, Mississippi, by local soda fountain operator Joseph Biedenharn.
1912 - The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States.
1918 - Moscow becomes the capital of Russia again after Saint Petersburg held this status for 215 years.
1922 - Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan formed The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
1930 - Mahatma Gandhi leads a 200-mile march, known as the Salt March, to the sea in defiance of British opposition, to protest the British monopoly on salt.
1938 - Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria.
1947 - The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.
1968 - Mauritius achieves independence.
1993 - North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and refuses to allow inspectors access to its nuclear sites.
1994 - The Church of England ordains its first female priests.
1999 - Former Warsaw Pact members the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland join NATO.
2009 - Financier Bernard Madoff plead guilty in New York to scamming $18 billion, the largest in Wall Street history.
2011 - A reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant melts and explodes and releases radioactivity into the atmosphere a day after Japan's earthquake.
Famous Birthdays
1270 - Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III of France
1479 - Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, ruler of Florence
1637 - Anne Hyde, wife of James II of England
1806 - Jane Pierce, First Lady of the United States
1878 - St. Gemma Galgani, saint
1889 - King Idris I of Libya
1917 - Googie Withers, actress
1947 - Kalervo Palsa, artist
1957 - Marlon Jackson, singer and actor
1963 - HIH Princess Farahnaz Pahlavi of Iran
1965 - Coleen Nolan, singer
1981 - Holly Williams, musician
1986 - Danny Jones, singer
1990 - Kai-Fabian Schulz, footballer
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