197 - Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
356 - Emperor Constantius II issues a decree closing all pagan temples in the Roman Empire.
1674 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, and it is renamed New York.
1819 - British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands, and claims them in the name of King George III.
1846 - In Austin, Texas the newly formed Texas state government is officially installed. The Republic of Texas government officially transfers power to the State of Texas government following Texas' annexation by the United States.
1861 - Serfdom is abolished in Russia.
1884 - More than sixty tornadoes strike the Southern United States, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in US history.
1945 - World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima – about 30,000 United States Marines land on the island of Iwo Jima.
1959 - The United Kingdom grants Cyprus independence, which is then formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.
1985 - Artificial heart recipient William J. Schroeder becomes the first such patient to leave hospital.
2006 - A methane explosion in coal mine near Nueva Rosita, Mexico, kills 65 miners.
Famous Birthdays
1473 - Nicolaus Copernicus, mathematician and astronomer
1630 - Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire of India
1800 - Émilie Gamelin, founder of the Sisters of Providence
1888 - Aurora Quezon, First Lady of the Philippines
1913 - Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, pretender to the Brazilian throne
1932 - Joseph P. Kerwin, astronaut
1940 - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan
1948 - Tony Iommi, guitarist
1953 - Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President of Argentina
1960 - HRH Prince Andrew, Duke of York
1975 - Daniel Adair, Drummer
1981 - Beth Ditto, singer
1985 - Arielle Kebbel, actress
1990 - Luke Pasqualino, actor
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