1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.
1503 - King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland.
1786 - Mont Blanc on the French – Italian border is climbed for the first time by Jacques Balmat and Dr. Michel-Gabriel Paccard.
1942 - Quit India Movement is launched in India against the British rule in response to Mohandas Gandhi's call for swaraj or complete independence.
1974 - President Richard Nixon, in a nationwide television address, announces his resignation from the office of the President of the United States effective noon the next day.
1990 - Iraq occupies Kuwait and the state is annexed to Iraq. This would lead to the Gulf War shortly afterward.
2008 - The 2008 Summer Olympics officially opened with the opening ceremony at National Stadium, Beijing, China.
Famous Birthdays:
1079 - Emperor Horikawa of Japan
1824 - Tsarina Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, consort of Alexander II of Russia.
1879 - Bob Smith, Founder of Alcoholics Anonymous
1879 - Emiliano Zapata, revolutionary
1922 - Rudi Gernreich, fashion designer
1937 - Dustin Hoffman, actor
1953 - Nigel Mansell, race car driver
1961 - David Evans (The Edge), guitarist
1981 - Roger Federer, tennis player
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