79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.
1305 - Sir William Wallace is executed for High Treason at Smithfield in London.
1839 - The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares for war with Qing China. The ensuing 3-year conflict will later be known as the First Opium War.
1866 - Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.
1914 - World War I: Japan declares war on Germany and bombs Qingdao, China.
1942 - World War II: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad.
1943 - World War II: Kharkov liberated as a result of the Battle of Kursk.
1944 - World War II: Marseille liberated.
1948 - World Council of Churches is formed.
1989 - Singing Revolution: two million people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stand on the Vilnius-Tallinn road, holding hands
1990 - Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.
1990 - West Germany and East Germany announce that they will unite on October 3.
2007 - The skeletal remains of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, and his sister Anastasia are found near Yekaterinburg, Russia.
2011 - Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces take control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the 2011 Libyan civil war.
Famous Birthdays:
1754 - King Louis XVI of France
1852 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia.
1875 - Eugene Lanceray, artist
1927 - Dick Bruna, illustrator
1945 - Bob Peck, actor
1951 - Her Majesty Queen Noor of Jordan, consort of deceased King Hussein of Jordan.
1964 - Wendy Pepper, designer
1974 - Sir Konstantin Sergeevich "Kostya" Novoselov, physicist, Nobel Laureate
1982 - Trevor Wright, actor
1988 - Carl Hagelin, ice hockey player
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