356 BC - The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
230 - Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope.
365 - A tsunami devastates the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The tsunami was caused by the Crete earthquake estimated to be 8.0 on the Richter Scale. 5,000 people perished in Alexandria, and 45,000 more died outside the city.This event later inspires the legend of Atlantis
1545 - The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.
1774 - Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
1831 - Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
1914 - The Crown council of Romania decides for the country to remain neutral in World War I.
1944 - World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and fellow conspirators are executed in Berlin, Germany for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
1972 - The Troubles: Bloody Friday – the Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing 9 and injuring 130.
Famous Birthdays
1620 - Jean Picard, astronomer
1693 - Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
1810 - Henri Victor Regnault, chemist
1899 - Ernest Hemingway, writer, Nobel laureate
1920 - Isaac Stern, violinist
1926 - Queenie Watts, actress
1978 - Anderson da Silva Gibin, footballer
1985 - Paloma Faith, singer
1986 - Rebecca Ferguson, singer-songwriter
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