64 - Great Fire of Rome: a fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control. According to a popular, but untrue legend, Nero fiddled as the city burned.
1333 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
1544 - Italian War of 1542: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.
1545 - The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign.
1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
1961 - Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.
1997 - The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.
Famous Birthdays:
1759 - Marianna Auenbrugger, pianist and composer
1822 - Princess Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1876 - Joseph Fielding Smith, Tenth President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin, politician
1919 - Patricia Medina, actress
1938 - Jayant Narlikar, astrophysicist
1965 - Evelyn Glennie, percussionist
1981 - David Bernard, cricketer
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