70 - The destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans.
1265 - Second Barons' War: Battle of Evesham – the army of Prince Edward (the future king Edward I of England) defeats the forces of rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, killing de Montfort and many of his allies.
1327 - First War of Scottish Independence: James Douglas leads a raid into Weardale and almost kills Edward III of England.
1532 - The Duchy of Brittany is united to the Kingdom of France.
1704 - War of the Spanish Succession: Gibraltar is captured by an English and Dutch fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir George Rooke and allied with Archduke Charles.
1789 - In France members of the National Constituent Assembly take an oath to end feudalism and abandon their privileges.
1824 - The Battle of Kos is fought between Turkish and Greek forces.
1914 - World War I: Germany invades Belgium. In response, the United Kingdom declares war on Germany. The United States declare their neutrality.
1915 - World War I: The German 12th Army occupies Warsaw during the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive and the Great Retreat of 1915.
1944 - The Holocaust: a tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find and arrest Jewish diarist Anne Frank, her family, and four others.
1965 - The Constitution of Cook Islands comes into force, giving the Cook Islands self-governing status within New Zealand.
1984 - The Republic of Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso.
2006 - A massacre is carried out by Sri Lankan government forces, killing 17 employees of the French INGO Action Against Hunger (known internationally as Action Contre la Faim, or ACF)
Famous Birthdays
1290 - Leopold I, Duke of Austria
1521 - Pope Urban VII
1821 - Louis Vuitton, fashion designer, founded Louis Vuitton
1900 - Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, Queen consort of the United Kingdom
1919 - Michel Déon, writer
1942 - David Lange, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand
1955 - Billy Bob Thornton, actor and writer
1960 - José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, 5th Prime Minister of Spain
1961 - Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States
1968 - Lee Mack, comedian and actor
1974 - Kily González, footballer
1981 - Abigail Spencer, actress
1988 - Tom Parker, singer
1992 - Tiffany Evans, singer and actress
1992 - Cole Sprouse, actor
1992 - Dylan Sprouse, actor
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