363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
1496 -King Henry VII of England issues letters patent to John Cabot and his sons, authorising them to explore unknown lands.
1616 - Nicolaus Copernicus's book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium is banned by the Catholic Church
1811 - Peninsular War: A French force under the command of Marshal Victor is routed while trying to prevent an Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese army from lifting the Siege of Cádiz in the Battle of Barrosa.
1824 - First Anglo-Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma.
1860 - Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia.
1933 - Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all U.S. banks and freezing all financial transactions.
1933 - Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections. This later allows the Nazis to pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship.
1944 - World War II: The Red Army begins the Uman–Botoşani Offensive in western Ukrainian SSR.
1946 - Winston Churchill uses the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College, Missouri.
1974 - Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdraw from the west bank of the Suez Canal.
1984 - 6,000 miners in the United Kingdom begin their strike at Cortonwood Colliery.
Famous Birthdays
1133 - Henry II of England
1324 - King David II of Scotland
1585 - John George I, Elector of Saxony
1723 - Princess Mary of Great Britain, daughter of King George II.
1867 - Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, 14th Premier of Québec
1898 - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China
1922 - James Noble, actor
1936 - Canaan Banana, 1st President of Zimbabwe
1947 - Tom Russell, singer/songwriter
1969 - Paul Blackthorne, actor
1970 - John Frusciante, musician
1974 - Eva Mendes, actress
1986 - Ellen Whitaker, show jumper
1989 - Jake Lloyd, actor
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