45 BC - In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
455 - Petronius Maximus becomes, with support of the Roman Senate, emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
460 - St. Patrick of Ireland dies
624 - Led by Muhammad, the Muslims of Medina defeat the Quraysh of Mecca in the Battle of Badr.
1337 - Edward, the Black Prince is made Duke of Cornwall, the first Duchy in England.
1805 - The Italian Republic, with Napoleon as president, becomes the Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King.
1861 - The Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) is proclaimed.
1921 - The Second Republic of Poland adopts the March Constitution.
1942 - Holocaust: The first Jews from the Lvov Ghetto are gassed at the Belzec death camp in what is today eastern Poland.
1959 - Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, flees Tibet for India.
1969 - Golda Meir becomes the first female Prime Minister of Israel.
1979 - The Penmanshiel Tunnel collapses during engineering works, killing two workers.
1988 - Eritrean War of Independence: The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea, is attacked on three sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in the opening action of the Battle of Afabet.
1992 - A referendum to end apartheid in South Africa is passed 68.7% to 31.2%.
2004 - Unrest in Kosovo: More than 22 are killed and 200 wounded. 35 Serbian Orthodox shrines in Kosovo and two mosques in Belgrade and Niš are destroyed.
2011 - Libyan civil war: The United Nations Security Council adopts United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, authorizing a military intervention by member states to protect civilians in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
Famous Birthdays
1231 - Emperor Shijō of Japan
1473 - King James IV of Scotland
1781 - Ebenezer Elliott, poet
1886 - Princess Patricia of Connaught (Lady Patricia Ramsay)
1920 - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Founding Leader of Bangladesh
1936 - Patty Maloney, actress
1949 - Patrick Duffy, actor
1951 - Scott Gorham, musician
1956 - Rory McGrath, comedian and writer
1964 - Rob Lowe, actor
1969 - Patricia Ford, model
1969 - Alexander McQueen, fashion designer
1973 - Caroline Corr, singer and musician
1976 - Stephen Gately, singer and actor
1984 - Ryan Rottman, actor
1989 - Mason Musso, singer, songwriter and guitarist
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