220 - Cao Pi forces Emperor Xian of Han to abdicated the Han Dynasty throne. The Cao Wei empire is established. Three Kingdoms period begins.
1041 - The adopted son of Empress Zoe of Byzantium succeeds to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V.
1508 - The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice.
1520 - Martin Luther burns his copy of the papal bull Exsurge Domine outside Wittenberg's Elster Gate.
1541 - Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham are executed for having affairs with Catherine Howard, Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII.
1817 - Mississippi becomes the 20th US state.
1861 - American Civil War: the Confederate States of America accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky to be the 13th state of the Confederacy.
1868 - The first traffic lights in the world are installed, outside the Palace of Westminster in London. Resembling railway signals, they use semaphore arms and are illuminated at night by red and green gas lamps.
1901 - The first Nobel Prizes are awarded.
1902 - Women are given the right to vote in Tasmania.
1906 - US President Theodore Roosevelt wins the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first American to win a Nobel Prize.
1936 - Abdication Crisis: King Edward VIII signs the Instrument of Abdication.
1948 - The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
1949 - Chinese Civil War: The People's Liberation Army begins its siege of Chengdu, the last Kuomintang-held city in mainland China, forcing President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek and his government to retreat to Taiwan.
1983 - Democracy is restored in Argentina with the assumption of President Raúl Alfonsín.
1994 - Rwandan Genocide: Military advisor to the United Nations Secretary-General and head of the Military Division of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the United Nations Maurice Baril recommends that the UN multi-national forces in Zaire stand down.
Famous Birthdays:
1394 - King James I of Scotland
1751 - George Shaw, botanist and zoologist
1878 - Rajaji, 1st Governor General of India
1914 - Dorothy Lamour, actress
1917 - Sultan Yahya Petra, former King of Malaysia
1941 - Fionnula Flanagan, actress
1952 - Susan Dey, actress
1960 - Sir Kenneth Branagh, actor and director
1985 - Raven-Symoné Pearman, actress and singer
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