1167 - Empress Matilda of England dies
1515 - Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal
1547 - The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the last full scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI.
1798 - At the Battle of St. George's Caye, British Honduras defeats Spain.
1813 - The United States defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812.
1898 - Empress Elizabeth of Austria is assassinated by Luigi Lucheni.
1939 - World War II: Canada declares war on Nazi Germany, joining the Allies – France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia.
1943 - World War II: German forces begin their occupation of Rome.
1967 - The people of Gibraltar vote to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain.
1974 - Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal.
1990 - The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire – the largest church in Africa is consecrated by Pope John Paul II.
2002 - Switzerland, traditionally a neutral country, joins the United Nations.
2008 - The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, described as the biggest scientific experiment in history, is powered up in Geneva, Switzerland.
Famous Birthdays
920 - Louis IV of France
1487 - Pope Julius III
1786 - Nicolás Bravo, Mexican soldier and 11th President of Mexico
1887 - Giovanni Gronchi, 3rd President of the Italian Republic
1914 - Terence O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of the Maine, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
1924 - Boyd K. Packer, 26th President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
1941 - Gunpei Yokoi, video game designer, invented Game Boy
1950 - Joe Perry, singer-songwriter and guitarist
1956 - Johnnie Fingers, pianist, songwriter, and producer
1960 - Colin Firth, actor
1965 - Robin Goodridge, drummer
1985 - Laurent Koscielny, footballer
1988 - Coco Rocha, model
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