1515 - Mary Tudor, Queen of France and Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk are officially married at Greenwich.
1568 - Battle of Langside: the forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
1779 - War of Bavarian Succession: Russian and French mediators at the Congress of Teschen negotiate an end to the war. In the agreement Austria receives the part of its territory that was taken from it (the Innviertel).
1830 - Ecuador gains its independence from Gran Colombia.
1846 - Mexican-American War: The United States declares war on Mexico.
1861 - American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
1888 - With the passage of the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law"), Brazil abolishes slavery.
1923 - St. Robert Bellarmine, a Doctor of the Catholic Church, is beatified by Pope Pius XI.
1940 - World War II: Germany's conquest of France begins as the German army crosses the Meuse. Winston Churchill makes his "blood, toil, tears, and sweat" speech to the House of Commons.
1940 - Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands flees her country to Great Britain after the Nazi invasion. Princess Juliana takes her children to Canada for their safety.
1943 - World War II: German Afrika Korps and Italian troops in North Africa surrender to Allied forces.
1958 - During a visit to Caracas, Venezuela, Vice President Richard Nixon's car is attacked by anti-American demonstrators.
1958 - Ben Carlin becomes the first (and only) person to circumnavigate the world by amphibious vehicle, having travelled over 17,000 kilometres (11,000 mi) by sea and 62,000 kilometres (39,000 mi) by land during a ten-year journey
1967 - Dr. Zakir Hussain becomes the third President of India. He is the first Muslim President of the Indian Union. He holds this position until August 24th, 1969.
1969 - Race riots, later known as the May 13 Incident, take place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
1981 - Mehmet Ali Ağca attempts to assassinate Pope John Paul II in St. Peter's Square in Rome. The Pope is rushed to the Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic to undergo emergency surgery and survives.
1995 - 33 year old Alison Hargreaves became the first woman to conquer Everest without oxygen or the help of Sherpas.
1998 - Race riots break out in Jakarta, Indonesia, where shops owned by Indonesians of Chinese descent are looted and women raped.
2006 - 2006 São Paulo violence: a major rebellion occurs in several prisons in Brazil.
Famous Birthdays
1024 - St. Hugh of Cluny, saint
1254 - Marie of Brabant, Queen consort of France.
1655 - Pope Innocent XIII
1717 - Empress Maria Theresa, Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire; Queen consort of Germany, Queen of Hungary and Croatia; Archduchess of Austria
1759 - Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
1792 - Pope Pius IX, the longest reigning elected Pope in the history of the Catholic Church
1894 - Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, 2nd President of Iceland
1905 - Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, 5th President of India
1913 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., 20th President of Liberia
1922 -Beatrice "Bea" Arthur, actress
1930 - Vernon Shaw, 5th President of Dominica
1937 - Trevor Baylis, inventor, invented the wind-up radio
1945 - Sam Anderson, actor
1954 - Johnny Logan, singer-songwriter, guitarist, and composer
1963 - Wally Masur, tennis player
1964 - Stephen Colbert, comedian, writer, and actor
1968 - Susan Floyd, actress
1977 - Neil Hopkins, actor
1979 - HRH Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland, third in the line to the Swedish throne
1983 - Jacob Reynolds, actor
1986 - Robert Pattinson, actor, model, musician, and producer
1986 - Alexander Rybak, singer-songwriter, musician, composer, and actor
1987 - Matt Doyle, actor
1991 - Francisco Lachowski, model
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