461 - Libius Severus is declared emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the magister militum Ricimer.
1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land, begins.
1493 - Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed Puerto Rico).
1794 - The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign Jay's Treaty, which attempts to resolve some of the lingering problems left over from the American Revolutionary War.
1912 - First Balkan War: The Serbian Army captures Bitola, ending the five-century-long Ottoman rule of Macedonia.
1942 - World War II: Battle of Stalingrad – Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch the Operation Uranus counterattacks at Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favour.
1942 - Mutesa II is crowned the 35th and last Kabaka (King) of Buganda.
1946 - Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.
1969 - Association football player Pelé scores his 1,000th goal.
1985 - Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
1988 - Serbian communist representative and future Serbian and Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic publicly declares that Serbia is under attack from Albanian separatists in Kosovo as well as internal treachery within Yugoslavia and a foreign conspiracy to destroy Serbia and Yugoslavia.
Famous Birthdays:
1464 - Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan
1600 - King Charles I of England
1805 - Ferdinand de Lesseps, diplomat and Suez Canal engineer
1831 - James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States
1894 - Américo Tomás, admiral and 14th President of Portugal
1906 - Franz Schädle, commander of Adolf Hitler's personal bodyguard
1917 - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India
1933 - Larry King, TV personality
1939 - Emil Constantinescu, 3rd President of Romania
1947 - Anfinn Kallsberg, 10th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
1969 - Erika Alexander, actress
1976 - Jack Dorsey, co-founder of Twitter
1978 - Věra Pospíšilová-Cechlová, athlete in the discus throw and the shot put.
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