841 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated Lothar at Fontenay.
1080 - At Brixen, a council of bishops declared Pope Gregory to be deposed and Archbishop Guibert as antipope Clement III.
1580 - The Book of Concord was first published. The book is a collection of doctrinal standards of the Lutheran Church.
1658 - Aurangzeb proclaimed himself emperor of the Moghuls in India.
1767 - Mexican Indians rioted as Jesuit priests were ordered home.
1788 - Virginia ratified the U.S. Constitution and became the 10th state of the United States.
1870 - In Spain, Queen Isabella abdicated in favor of Alfonso XII.
1917 - The first American fighting troops landed in France.
1920 - The Greeks took 8,000 Turkish prisoners in Smyrna.
1938 - Douglas Hyde was inaugurated as the first President of the Irish Republic.
1941 - Finland declared war on the Soviet Union.
1946 - Ho Chi Minh traveled to France for talks on Vietnamese independence.
1950 - North Korea invaded South Korea initiating the Korean War.
1959 - Éamon De Valera became President of Ireland at the age of 76.
1973 - Erskine Childers Jr. became President of Ireland after the retirement of Éamon De Valera.
1975 - Mozambique became independent. Samora Machel was sworn in as president after 477 years of Portuguese rule.
Famous Birthdays
1242 - Beatrice of England, Duchess of Brittanny
1373 - Johanna II, Queen of Naples
1897 - Hans Barth, composer
1903 - Anne Revere, actress
1923 - Samuel Lewis Francis, painter
1963 - George Michael, Musician
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